DMSO is used as the reaction medium in a published ketoconazole process. The disclosed operation combines an activated intermediate and a side-chain component under basic conditions, followed by aqueous isolation and refining.
A coupling solvent in the route
The manufacturing description charges DMSO to the condensation vessel with the two organic components and potassium hydroxide. After reaction, water is introduced and the product is separated, washed and dried before further refining.
The same disclosure describes recovery of the DMSO-containing mother liquor by distillation. This makes solvent handling and recovery part of the process, alongside the coupling itself.
Keep reaction and isolation connected
When evaluating DMSO, follow intermediate conversion, related impurities and the quality of the isolated material. Check the aqueous work-up as well as the reaction: precipitation, washing and refining determine what reaches the final product.
Fresh and recovered DMSO should meet the requirements established for their intended use. Water, residual co-solvents and process carryover need attention when a mother-liquor stream is returned.
The complete base-containing mixture requires assessed compatibility, temperature control and handling procedures. This documented ketoconazole use should not be extended automatically to every azole antifungal route.
For sourcing, provide YUJI with the DMSO specification for your ketoconazole step and expected fresh consumption.